Table 2

Decisional Balance and Cognitive Dissonance in the four groups of smokers
Decisional Balance
 n
 Mean
 Std. Deviation
 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Groups of smokers*


Lower Bound
 Upper Bound
A
 94
 -.13
 1.34
 -.40
 .15
B
 65
 .10
 1.29
 -.22
 .42
C
 90
 .07
 1.28
 -.19
 .34
D
 152
 .40
 1.25
 .20
 .60
Total
 401
 16
 1.30
 .029
 .28
Cognitive Dissonance**
 n
 Mean
 Std. Deviation
 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Groups of smokers*


Lower Bound
 Upper Bound
A
 67
 4.11
 1.04
 3.86
 4.37
B
 56
 3.61
 1.06
 3.32
 3.89
C
 70
 4.04
 1.02
 3.79
 4.28
D
 122
 3.86
 .97
 3.69
 4.04
Total
 315
 3.91
 1.02
 3.80
 4.02

*Groups differing in terms of capability and intention to quit smoking

Group A: perceived capability (Y) and intention (Y)

Group B: perceived capability (N) and intention (Y)

Group C: perceived capability (Y) and intention (N)

Group D: perceived capability (N) and intention (N).

** refers to the 315 smokers with negative attitude towards smoking. Scores reflect the degree to which excuses were not employed to reduce CD

Loumakou et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2006 3:13   doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-13

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