Table 2

Kruskal-Wallis Chi-Squares for the dichotomized stages of change groups indicating readiness to stop cigarette smoking


Not ready
Ready
Chi-Square

Number of patients
92
11

% female
21.7
45.5
4.369*
Age
33.9; 7.6
32.5; 5.9
0.190




Cigarette Smoking



Age of smoking onset
14.2; 3.7
14.6; 2.7
2.419
Years of smoking
19.8; 7.4
17.8; 6.4
0.585
Number of cigarettes/day
15.5; 8.1
16.0; 7.0
0.008
FTND score
5.3; 2.1
6.5; 2.0
2.171
% nicotine replacement
1.1
0.0
-




Opiate and Maintenance History



Age at heroin onset
19.7; 6.0
21.4; 7.0
0.260
Number of opiate substitution enrollments
3.1; 5.0
2.8; 1.1
0.816
Total months of opiate substitution treatment
59.3; 41.5
71.0; 58.3
0.131
% substituted with methadone
84.8
72.8

Current methadone dose
125.4; 84.0
77.1; 34.0
1.964
% ever had an opiate withdrawal attempt
70.6
72.7
0.282
Total number of opiate withdrawal attempts
3.7; 2.6
5.7; 4.5
1.141




Co-dependence



% alcohol dependence
26.1
18.2
1.395
% cannabis dependence
21.7
18.2
0.855
% sedative dependence
39.1
18.2
1.637
% cocaine dependence
38.0
45.5
0.458
Number of co-dependencies other than nicotine
1.3; 0.9
1.0; 0.5
0.922




Dual Diagnoses



% depression
30.4
63.7
5.783*
% adult ADHD
3.3
0.0
-
% schizophreniform disorder
4.3
9.1
-

* p < 0.05

Wapf et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2008 5:10   doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-10