Table 2 |
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|
Logistic regression of factors associated with witnessing or knowing someone died from overdose in prison |
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|
Witnessed someone suffering an overdose in prison (n = 1,153)a |
Know someone dying from an overdose in prison (n = 1,155)b |
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|
|
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|
AOR** (95% CI) |
p value |
AOR** (95% CI) |
p value |
|
|
Gender |
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|
Female |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
Male |
6.2 (3.9–9.8) |
p < 0.001 |
4.5 (2.8–7.2) |
p < 0.001 |
|
Age |
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|
18–24 years |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
25–35 years |
2.4 (1.7–3.4) |
p < 0.001 |
1.5 (1.0–2.1) |
p = 0.032 |
|
36 or more |
2.5 (1.6–3.8) |
p < 0.001 |
1.3 (0.8–1.9) |
p = 0.304 |
|
Education level |
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|
9th grade or less |
0.7 (0.5–1.2) |
p = 0.199 |
1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
p = 0.953 |
|
10–12th grade |
1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
p = 0.886 |
1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
p = 0.973 |
|
More than 12th grade |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
Previous incarcerations |
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|
First time |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
1–5 times |
1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
p = 0.556 |
1.7 (1.3–2.4) |
p = 0.001 |
|
More than 5 times |
1.6 (1.0–2.7) |
p = 0.054 |
1.8 (1.1–2.9) |
p = 0.014 |
|
Institution's prevalence of positive urine tests |
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|
Very high |
0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
p = 0.681 |
0.7 (0.4–1.0) |
p = 0.058 |
|
High |
0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
p = 0.398 |
0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
p = 0.005 |
|
Normal |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
Unknown |
0.7 (0.5–1.1) |
p = 0.151 |
0.5 (0.4–0.8) |
p = 0.003 |
|
Experienced an overdose (lifetime) |
1.4 (0.9–2.3) |
p = 0.172 |
1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
p = 0.412 |
|
Illicit drug use (lifetime) |
0.7 (0.5–1.2) |
p = 0.191 |
0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
p = 0.369 |
|
Drug injection before entering prison |
1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
p = 0.514 |
1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
p = 0.663 |
|
Drug and alcohol use during this incarceration^ |
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|
None |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
Only one type of drug or alcohol |
3.1 (2.1–4.7) |
p < 0.001 |
2.9 (1.9–4.4) |
p < 0.001 |
|
Polydrug with/without alcohol |
7.1 (4.8–10.4) |
p < 0.001 |
4.2 (2.9–6.1) |
p < 0.001 |
|
Drug injection in prison* |
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|
None |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
|
Drug injection, no risky behaviors |
5.9 (1.4–24.5) |
p = 0.014 |
1.5 (0.6–3.6) |
p = 0.353 |
|
Drug injection, risky behaviors |
1.9 (1.1–3.3) |
p = 0.022 |
1.4 (0.9–2.2) |
p = 0.177 |
|
|
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|
a, b Although sample size was 1,179, due to missing values, only participants who responded to these items were included in the analysis. ^ Drugs included are marihuana, crack, cocaine, heroin, speedball and/or tranquilizers. *Risky behaviors include sharing needle equipment, not cleaning needle equipment before injecting, reusing water, backloading, doesn't clean skin prior injecting, sharing cooker and cotton and reusing needles. ** Adjusted Odds Ratio |
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|
Albizu-García et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2009 6:15 doi:10.1186/1477-7517-6-15 |
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